Volkswagen's Strategy for Affordable Electric Vehicles: LFP Batteries and In-House Electronics
Volkswagen is embarking on a strategic shift in its electric vehicle (EV) development, aiming to offer more accessible models by integrating advanced, in-house developed technologies. This initiative focuses on driving down costs and enhancing efficiency, particularly to establish a competitive edge against the growing presence of Chinese EV manufacturers in Europe. The core of this strategy involves adopting Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries, known for their cost-effectiveness and robust performance, coupled with innovative electric powertrains and sophisticated electronic components designed entirely within the Volkswagen Group.
At the recent IAA Mobility show in Munich, Volkswagen provided a detailed look into its future plans for its range of compact, budget-friendly electric cars, which will include models such as the ID. Polo and ID. Cross. These vehicles are projected to be available in Europe for less than \u20ac25,000, making them highly competitive in the burgeoning affordable EV segment. A key component of this strategy is the introduction of a brand-new electric drive unit, internally referred to as the APP290. This powertrain, developed by Volkswagen, will be a standard feature across the Group's 'Electric Urban Car Family' models, encompassing brands like Skoda, Cupra, and Volkswagen itself.
The APP290 motor is a permanent-magnet design, capable of generating approximately 214 pound-feet (290 Newton-meters) of torque and up to 214 horsepower (160 kilowatts). This power output is deemed ample for the compact city cars it will propel, which are comparable in size to a Chevrolet Bolt EV. Further enhancing the efficiency of these vehicles is a pioneering silicon carbide (SiC) inverter, developed in-house by the Volkswagen Group. This advanced inverter is designed to minimize energy losses, thereby improving the overall operational efficiency of the EVs. The battery strategy involves a 'unified cell' concept, primarily utilizing LFP chemistry for the base models due to its inherent advantages in cost and longevity. These LFP packs will have a capacity of 38 kilowatt-hours. For consumers seeking extended range, a larger 56 kWh battery with Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) chemistry will also be available. Both battery options are engineered to support fast charging, achieving an 80% charge from 10% in under 25 minutes, though specific peak charging power figures have not yet been disclosed.
The larger NMC battery variant is anticipated to provide an approximate range of 280 miles (450 kilometers). While the range for the smaller LFP pack was not explicitly stated, estimations suggest it would offer around 186 miles (300 kilometers). These battery capacities, although not as extensive as those in larger electric vehicles, are well-suited for the compact dimensions of the ID. Polo and ID. Cross, which are akin to a Toyota Corolla hatchback. The prismatic cells for both battery types will be sourced from a diverse pool of suppliers, including prominent names like Samsung SDI, SK on, Gotion, CATL, LG Energy Solution, and Volkswagen's own PowerCo. The vehicles will also feature a cell-to-pack packaging design, moving away from traditional battery modules, which helps reduce both size and weight. An integrated top cooling plate will manage battery temperatures effectively.
These comprehensive technological advancements position Volkswagen to robustly compete in the affordable EV market, particularly in Europe, by offering a diverse range of electric vehicles manufactured locally. While these compact EVs may not reach the American market, the underlying technologies and innovations are expected to be integrated into future Volkswagen models destined for a global audience, ensuring a consistent evolution in their electric vehicle offerings.