Second Life for EV Batteries: Nissan LEAF Cells Power Melilla's Grid Stability




A pioneering energy storage initiative, a result of the collaboration between the European energy conglomerate Enel and the automotive giant Nissan, has recently commenced operations. This project, which repurposes electric vehicle batteries, breathes new life into Nissan LEAF cells, transforming them into vital components for grid stabilization. This innovative approach promises to secure the electricity supply for over 90,000 inhabitants in Melilla, a Spanish territory geographically detached from mainland power networks.
Distributed energy resources (DER) are becoming increasingly crucial in the energy sector, especially as global power demands escalate due to the proliferation of high-computation data centers. The concept of utilizing end-of-life electric vehicle batteries for such purposes has long been discussed as a potential element of a comprehensive energy solution. This vision has now materialized with the inauguration of the Melilla facility.
Reports from the Spanish publication Motorpasión confirm that the plan, initially unveiled in 2022, to integrate numerous 'second life' batteries from used Nissan LEAF electric vehicles into the Endesa plant, an Enel Group subsidiary in Melilla, is now fully operational. This achievement ensures a consistent energy flow for the region's population.
Melilla's unique geographical position on the African continent, south of the Strait of Gibraltar, means it is disconnected from both the Spanish and Moroccan electrical grids. Consequently, the city relies entirely on a single thermal power plant for its electricity needs. This isolation often leads to significant challenges during periods of high energy demand, such as the scorching Mediterranean summers, which can result in brownouts or rolling blackouts.
As per the initial press release, Nissan supplied the electric vehicle batteries, while Loccioni, a system integrator, was responsible for the seamless integration of these batteries into the circular process. The project is founded on advanced technology, yet its core principle is straightforward: once an electric vehicle battery concludes its automotive lifespan, it is repurposed and assembled into a large-scale stationary storage system. This system is then integrated with Endesa's Melilla plant to prevent power interruptions during peak load events, thereby enhancing grid reliability and ensuring continuous service for the local community. The backup generator comprises 48 used and 30 new Nissan LEAF batteries.
The newly operational 'Second Life' facility boasts a storage capacity of up to 4 MW and can deliver up to 1.7 MWh directly into Melilla's electrical grid. While this capacity is not designed for prolonged independent operation, it provides sufficient time to restore the main system and re-establish power supply without disrupting critical services. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in alleviating strain on the primary power plant during peak demand periods.
Ernesto Ciorra, Enel Group’s Chief Innovability Officer, expressed strong conviction in the project from its inception. He highlighted the vital contributions of key partners and the unwavering dedication of their teams, emphasizing how the realization of a functional plant utilizing second-life batteries transformed what was once considered improbable into a tangible reality. Nissan is also implementing similar large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) in Japan, where LEAF batteries serve as municipal backup power sources in the event of natural disasters. Concurrently, other enterprises are exploring comparable concepts, such as powering equipment at remote work sites with repurposed batteries. These endeavors collectively underscore the extended utility and societal benefits of electric vehicle batteries, dispelling misperceptions about their longevity and environmental impact.