Electric Cars

A devoted follower of Formula 1, accustomed to the roar of naturally aspirated V-8 engines and the familiar faces of racing legends, recently embarked on an exhilarating adventure into the realm of sports car competitions. This journey led to the prestigious 64th Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona, an event that profoundly reshaped the author's perception of motorsport. What began as a venture to understand a new racing discipline blossomed into a deep appreciation for the unique spectacle of endurance racing. The experience not only illuminated the intricate differences between Formula 1 and IMSA racing but also underscored the captivating multi-class format, the rich auditory tapestry created by diverse powertrains, and the remarkable fan engagement that sets endurance events apart.

For years, the author's passion for motorsport was exclusively channeled through Formula 1, a world defined by raw speed, cutting-edge innovation, and intense on-track battles. The thought of navigating the complexities of a new racing series often seemed overwhelming, hindering exploration beyond the familiar F1 paddock. This loyalty stemmed from an intimate understanding of F1's team dynamics, driver personalities, and historical nuances, a knowledge base that felt too vast to replicate elsewhere. However, an opportune moment arose to immerse in sports car racing at the Rolex 24, a historically significant event within the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. This pivotal experience revealed that much had been overlooked in the single-minded pursuit of Formula 1.

The fundamental distinction between Formula 1 and IMSA racing lies in their operational structures. While Formula 1 pits two mechanically identical cars from each team against rivals adhering to uniform technical regulations, IMSA's WeatherTech SportsCar Championship embraces a multi-class format. This means multiple vehicle types, each with its own set of rules and performance characteristics, compete simultaneously on the track. The Rolex 24 exemplifies this, featuring four distinct classes: GTP, LMP2, GTD Pro, and GTD, all racing concurrently. GTP cars, the fastest on the circuit, conform to LMDh regulations, showcasing advanced aerodynamic designs. LMP2 vehicles, the second-fastest, are primarily spec cars utilizing standardized chassis and engines. The GTD and GTD Pro classes, which comprise cars resembling their road-going counterparts and adhere to FIA GT3 regulations, form the rest of the diverse field.

To maintain competitive balance among such disparate vehicles, IMSA employs a system known as "Balance of Performance" (BOP). This involves strategic adjustments to power output, weight, and aerodynamic elements across different manufacturers and car types, ensuring that all contenders have a fair chance at victory. This complex interplay of classes and performance balancing creates an environment of relentless action. The track is a constant flurry of overtakes as faster GTP cars navigate through slower traffic while simultaneously vying for position against their own class rivals. This dynamic nature allows spectators to focus on specific categories or shift attention as the race unfolds, ensuring an uninterrupted spectacle.

The auditory experience at the Rolex 24 is as diverse and captivating as the racing itself, standing in stark contrast to the more uniform engine notes of modern Formula 1. While recent F1 technical overhauls have improved engine sounds, the 1.6-liter turbo-hybrid V-6s still lack the rich variety found in IMSA. The multi-class nature of IMSA, particularly the GTP and GTD categories, allows for a wide array of engine types and displacements. This results in a symphonic blend of snaps, crackles, and roars that echo through the grandstands. From the 2.4-liter twin-turbo V-6 of the Acura ARX-06 to the 5.4-liter naturally aspirated V-8 of the Lexus RC F GT3 and the 5.2-liter V-10 of the Lamborghini Huracán GT3, each car contributes a unique sonic signature. The constant overtaking further enriches this soundscape, creating a cacophony of shrieks and growls that is truly unparalleled.

Beyond the thrilling competition and diverse sounds, the Rolex 24 offers an unparalleled level of fan accessibility, a stark difference from the often restrictive environment of Formula 1 events. While Formula 1 general admission experiences can be limited, the Rolex 24 provides fans with extensive access to the garages, infield, and even a pre-race pit lane and track walk. This open approach allows for intimate glimpses into the meticulous preparations of race teams, fostering a connection with the sport that is often unattainable at higher-profile events. Witnessing drivers and crews in their element, making last-minute adjustments, and engaging with fans firsthand evokes a nostalgic sense of motorsport's past, reminiscent of Formula 1's "glory days" when the sport felt more grassroots and accessible. The ability to interact with drivers and see the machinery up close, a privilege rarely afforded with a standard F1 ticket, highlights the unique and welcoming atmosphere of endurance racing.

The extensive access and immersive experience at the Rolex 24 represent a significant draw for any motorsport enthusiast. Unlike the often-constrained spectator zones at Formula 1 races, where even a decent view of the track can be hard to come by, the Rolex 24 provides general admission ticket holders with unprecedented proximity to the action. Being able to stroll through the garages and witness the intricate preparations of the cars and teams before the race, or participate in a track walk where drivers engage with their fans, creates a truly unforgettable memory. This level of engagement, where fans can practically brush shoulders with racing legends like Alex Palou, underscores the event's commitment to creating a deep and personal connection between the sport and its audience. This openness harks back to a simpler era of racing, where the passion for the sport transcended commercial barriers, making the Rolex 24 a refreshingly authentic experience.

Ultimately, the Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona proved to be an eye-opening and deeply enjoyable experience. Despite not completing the entire 24 hours of spectating, the moments spent witnessing the green-flag racing were filled with excitement and engagement, far surpassing previous Formula 1 experiences. The dynamic multi-class racing, the rich variety of engine sounds, and the remarkable accessibility for fans all contribute to an event that offers a different, yet equally compelling, form of motorsport. For any Formula 1 fan contemplating a foray into sports car racing, the Rolex 24 stands as an emphatic recommendation, promising a thrilling and immersive experience that could easily ignite a new passion before the next F1 season even begins.

Volvo has long been celebrated for its commitment to safety and practical design, particularly evident in its renowned station wagon lineup. However, a significant shift is on the horizon for the American market, as the Swedish automaker plans to cease sales of its traditional wagons, including the V60 and V90 Cross Country models, after the 2026 model year. This decision marks the end of an era for a brand that has made the station wagon a cornerstone of its identity. This retrospective embarks on a nostalgic journey through the diverse forms Volvo wagons have taken over the decades, celebrating their enduring appeal and innovative spirit.

The Illustrious Evolution of Volvo Wagons

The story of Volvo's wagons began with the venerable PV445 Duett. Introduced in 1949, this groundbreaking vehicle was one of the earliest Volvos to reach American shores. Its clever design, offering both utility for work during the week and comfort for family outings on weekends, was even commemorated on a Swedish postage stamp in 1997. Distinctive features like its split windshield and stylish whitewall tires made it an instant classic. The Duett's robust construction and practical split rear doors, though later replaced by a more conventional tailgate in subsequent models, continue to resonate with vintage vehicle enthusiasts in the outdoor sports community today.

Following the Duett, the P220 Amazon made its grand debut at the Stockholm Motor Show in February 1962. This model played a pivotal role in expanding Volvo's global presence. Based on the 121/122S sedan, the Amazon boasted significant enhancements in equipment and refinement. Initially equipped with a 109-cubic-inch inline four-cylinder engine, which later grew to 121 cubic inches, the Amazon also transitioned from drum brakes to disc brakes in its later iterations. This period also saw the introduction of four-door Volvo wagons, marking an evolution in design and functionality.

In the autumn of 1971, Volvo introduced the elegant 1800ES, a stylish revamp of the P1800 sports coupe. Recognized for its expansive glass hatch and minimalist Swedish aesthetic, the 1800ES offered various transmission options, including a four-speed manual with overdrive and a three-speed automatic. Unlike its Amazon predecessor, the 1800ES featured disc brakes on all four wheels. Despite its innovative design, the 1800ES's production was curtailed after just two model years (1972 and 1973) due to escalating global safety regulations, particularly in the U.S., making compliance costs prohibitive. Only 8078 units were ever produced, lending it a rare allure.

For many Americans, the 245 station wagon, manufactured from 1974 to 1993, became the quintessential Volvo wagon of their formative years. Renowned for its unparalleled safety features, the 240 series, including the 245, was reportedly utilized by U.S. government authorities as a benchmark for safety regulation development. The introduction of the turbocharged 245 in 1981 further cemented Volvo's reputation, famously touted as one of the world's fastest wagons. Over its two-decade production run, the 245 received two significant facelifts and offered engine choices including a V-6 (badged as the 265) and diesel variants.

The mid-1980s saw the arrival of the 740/760 series. The wagon variant, released in 1985, elegantly surpassed its sedan counterpart in aesthetic appeal. Available with either a 114-hp naturally aspirated 2.3-liter inline-four or a potent 160-hp turbocharged and intercooled version, the 740 Turbo wagon was so formidable it inspired Volvo's ambitious marketing campaigns, comparing it favorably to contemporary sports cars. This series was eventually succeeded by the 900-series in the early 1990s.

The 940/960 series, launched in 1990, introduced pioneering safety features such as a three-point inertia-reel seatbelt and adjustable head restraints for the middle rear seat, alongside an optional integrated child seat. The more luxurious 960 boasted an all-new inline-six engine and underwent a comprehensive redesign in 1995. In some markets, including the U.S., the 960 was rebranded as the V90.

A significant technological leap occurred with the Volvo 850, debuting in 1992. This marked Volvo's first front-wheel-drive vehicle sold in America and featured a transversely mounted inline-five engine. The 850 wagon, which arrived in 1993, came standard with a suite of safety equipment, including anti-lock brakes, side-impact beams, and a built-in child seat. The high-performance 222-hp 850 Turbo was released the following year, followed by the limited-edition 850 T5-R in 1995, a vehicle influenced by Volvo's participation in the British Touring Car Championship. The T5-R, with its 240 horsepower, achieved an impressive 0-60 mph time of 6.7 seconds in testing, instantly becoming a collector's item.

The discontinuation of Volvo's station wagons in the United States signals a profound shift in the automotive landscape and consumer preferences. While the move towards SUVs and electric vehicles is understandable, it leaves a void for enthusiasts who cherished the unique blend of practicality, safety, and understated elegance that defined Volvo wagons. This transition invites us to reflect on the legacy of these vehicles, which not only transported families safely for generations but also redefined what a practical car could be. It prompts a contemplation of whether the essence of the wagon, its harmonious balance of form and function, will find new expression in future vehicle designs, or if it will gradually fade into the annals of automotive history as a beloved, yet bygone, icon.